In this post, I’ll answer the question, “What is a non-diet approach?” Hint: Non-diet means more than you might think!
This is the third of a four-part series dedicated to exploring the three tenets of the Am I Hungry? Mindful Eating Program. Previously I defined the concept of weight-neutral and addressed the need for a paradigm shift away from a focus on weight loss to interventions that are weight-neutral.
What does non-diet mean?
One way to understand the non-diet approach is to think of it as non-restrictive, meaning that it doesn’t encourage restriction or deprivation of any sort.
This is important because there are many examples of professionals and programs that label themselves as “non-diet,” “healthy eating,” or “lifestyle change,” yet ultimately promote restrictive eating.
Examples of more subtle restrictive eating messages found in many traditional interventions include:
- Eating a certain number of calories, grams, or points
- Eliminating certain foods or ingredients
- Avoiding or limiting “tempting” foods
- Eating on a schedule and/or not eating before or after a certain time of day
- Earning food or the right to eat with exercise
In short, a non-diet approach promotes awareness of internal cues and application of internalized decision-making. Therefore, arbitrary rules like those above (and thousands of variations) about food or eating are incompatible with a non-diet approach. (Read this blog post for a list of red flags that a program or approach to food is a diet, even when it claims it is not.)
Instead, a true non-diet approach encourages a more natural, instinctive way of eating. That means re-learning how to manage food intake by becoming attuned to internal cues such as hunger and satiety, rather than external rules that may be confusing and difficult to follow indefinitely.
The non-diet approach shifts away from the concept of “good” and “bad” foods and supports the idea that, for most people, all foods can fit in a balanced lifestyle. Instead of a rigid eating plan, the non-diet approach encourages individuals to meet their nutritional and fuel needs with attention to balance, variety, and moderation while acknowledging the legitimate and important role pleasure plays in eating.
Why not diets or restrictive eating?
Why does a non-diet approach exist? Because research has shown that diets don’t work, they’re counterproductive, and have potential harmful effects.
Diets don’t work
There is significant evidence to support the ineffectiveness of restrictive eating and a growing body of research demonstrating the many ways dieting is harmful.(1) A review published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, “A Review of Interventions that Promote Eating by Internal Cues,” summarizes the research:
“…traditional diets that restrict energy [calories], or particular nutrients, to induce weight loss have achieved little long term success. These programs have high attrition rates; participants rarely maintain weight loss and sometimes gain back even more weight than they lost during the program. In fact, there is evidence that frequency of dieting is directly associated with weight gain. In addition to being an ineffective means to weight loss, dieting is a well-established risk factor for unhealthy weight control behaviors, binge eating and bulimic pathology, and eating disorders. Frequency of dieting is also associated with negative psychological attributes such as body dissatisfaction, depression, lower self-esteem and negative effect.” (2)
Diets are unsustainable
Diets are ineffective because the innate physical and emotional human response to food restriction makes them virtually impossible to adhere to long term. Diets require an unsustainable amount of restraint, willpower, time, and energy. Caloric restriction results in physiological hunger, increased preoccupation with food, and strong cravings to eat. The high resource requirements, combined with a strong drive to eat, ultimately results in the dieter “giving up.” Dieting also activates the portion of the brain responsible for attention to and reward properties of food, increasing the likelihood of food intake. Therefore, breaking the restraint is often followed by a strong urge to overeat and, in some cases, binge eating.
Diets have unintended consequences
Further, many dieters have developed triggers to eat when they’re not hungry, or overeat once they start. Instead of learning to recognize and cope effectively with these triggers, dieters may simply overeat the “allowed” foods to cope. Once they’re no longer on the diet, these unaddressed triggers continue to drive overeating, compounded by the guilt of breaking their diet.
This eat-repent-repeat cycle is damaging physiologically and emotionally. Among other things, it can result in weight cycling, disordered eating, eating disorders, low self-efficacy, depression, and lower self-esteem.
Am I Hungry? Mindful Eating Programs use the non-diet approach and mindfulness-based strategies to help participants free themselves from this cycle to develop a truly healthy relationship with food and their body.
Are non-diet programs effective?
Is the non-diet approach effective? The short answer is absolutely!
Research indicates that non-diet programs have positive and lasting effects on many dimensions of well-being, including improvements in total cholesterol, LDL, blood pressure, depression, and nutrient intake; lower body weight (even when that is not the focus of the program); reduced eating disorder symptomology; reduction of food cravings; and improvements in psychological and behavior outcomes, including self-esteem and eating behaviors.(3)
A non-diet approach provides an effective alternative to restrictive, unsustainable dieting. What more could you ask for?
References
(1) Mauldin, K., May, M., Clifford, D. (2022). The consequences of a weight‐centric approach to healthcare: A case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians address body weight. Nutrition in Clinical Practice. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10885
(2) Schaefer, J. T., & Magnuson, A. B. (2014). A review of interventions that promote eating by internal cues. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114(5), 734–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.12.024
(3) Tylka, T., et al. (2014.) The weight-inclusive versus weight-normative approach to health: Evaluating the evidence for prioritizing well-being over weight loss. Journal of Obesity.
This article has been updated from a previously published version.
If you enjoyed this article, here are three more to help you:
Diet culture: An outdated paradigm whose time is up!
A Non-Diet, Weight-Neutral, Mindfulness-Based Approach to Optimal Well-Being
Mindful Eating and Weight Loss: Setting the record straight
7 thoughts on “What is a Non-Diet Approach?”
Mindful eating has been working well for me. I did the workshop at work a long time ago. Now I get hungry every 3-4 hours, usually choose vegetable, fruit, meat sometimes, just go for a balance. When I want a sweet I have and enjoy a serving or less. My weight has stayed stable, no more up and down. Cholesterol is in balance without pills. Wish I had run into this long ago but love it now
Thanks for your comment, Cathy. Wonderful to hear how mindful eating has really “stuck” for you for the long term. Isn’t it amazing how we really can be our own best expert once we learn to listen to and trust our innate wisdom? Congratulations on discovering and maintaining balanced eating, better health and freedom from the up and down!
Great post, thank you!
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